Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
The main cause of endothelial dysfunction is impaired bioavailability of nitric oxide. [ 1 ] In addition to acting as a semipermeable membrane , the endothelium is responsible for maintaining vascular tone and regulating oxidative stress by releasing mediators, such as nitric oxide, prostacyclin and endothelin , and by controlling local ...
Most endothelin receptors in the human cerebral cortex (~90%) are of the ETB subtype. [12] Endothelin-1 is the most powerful endogenous chemical affecting vascular tone across organ systems. [2] [13] Secretion of endothelin-1 from the vascular endothelium signals vasoconstriction and influences local cellular growth and survival. [13]
These endothelial products include nitric oxide and endothelin-1 that are released in response to either chemical stimuli, like histamine, or increased shear stress on the blood vessel (meaning the amount of stress exerted by blood on the blood vessel walls). While nitric oxide causes vasodilation, endothelin-1 causes vasoconstriction.
Widely distributed in the body, receptors for endothelin are present in blood vessels and cells of the brain, choroid plexus and peripheral nerves.When applied directly to the brain of rats in picomolar quantities as an experimental model of stroke, endothelin-1 caused severe metabolic stimulation and seizures with substantial decreases in blood flow to the same brain regions, both effects ...
The extent of vasoconstriction may be slight or severe depending on the substance or circumstance. Many vasoconstrictors also cause pupil dilation. Medications that cause vasoconstriction include: antihistamines, decongestants, and stimulants. Severe vasoconstriction may result in symptoms of intermittent claudication. [1]
Endothelin 1 (ET-1), also known as preproendothelin-1 (PPET1), is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells, [5] as well as by cells in the heart (affecting contractility) and kidney (affecting sodium handling). [6] The protein encoded by this gene – EDN1 – is proteolytically processed to
The decrease in vasocongestion in post-menopausal women may require some women to use artificial sexual lubricant to avoid pain during sexual intercourse. If there is pain however, sexual drive is typically diminished or absent. Other forms of vasocongestion during human sexual activity include sex flush and the swelling of nipples in both men ...
Riociguat also causes vasodilation by stimulating cGMP production. [2] Endothelin receptor antagonists cause vasodilation as well by blocking the action of the potent vasoconstrictor and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation activator endothelin-1. Bosentan inhibits endothelin-1 by blocking its action at the ETA and ETB receptors.