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Bronchoscopy is an endoscopic technique of visualizing the inside of the airways for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. An instrument ( bronchoscope ) is inserted into the airways, usually through the nose or mouth, or occasionally through a tracheostomy .
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), also known as bronchoalveolar washing, is a diagnostic method of the lower respiratory system in which a bronchoscope is passed through the mouth or nose into an appropriate airway in the lungs, with a measured amount of fluid introduced and then collected for examination.
The results provided a "yield/procedure [rate at] 74% and 100% for peripheral lesions and lymph nodes, respectively." Additionally, "a diagnosis was obtained in 80.4% of bronchoscopic procedures." The study concluded that ENB "is a safe method for sampling peripheral and mediastinal lesions with high diagnostic yield independent of lesion size ...
VATS lobectomy is the same as lobectomy performed via thoracotomy in that the pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, and bronchus to the involved pulmonary lobe are individually dissected, ligated and divided.
Bronchoscopy is the most effective method to diagnose, locate, and determine the severity of TBI, [6] [10] and it is usually the only method that allows a definitive diagnosis. [23] Diagnosis with a flexible bronchoscope, which allows the injury to be visualized directly, is the fastest and most reliable technique. [8]
A bronchial challenge test is a medical test used to assist in the diagnosis of asthma. [1] The patient breathes in nebulized methacholine or histamine.Thus the test may also be called a methacholine challenge test or histamine challenge test respectively.
Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage is recommended in possible cases of organizing pneumonia to rule out infection and other causes of alveolar infiltrates. [9] The bronchoalveolar lavage in organizing pneumonia shows a lymphocytic predominant inflammation of the alveoli with increases in neutrophils and eosinophils. [9]
Rigid bronchoscopy allows good airway control, ready bleeding management, better visualization, and ability to manipulate the aspirated object with a variety of forceps. [23] Flexible bronchoscopy may be used for extraction when distal access is needed and the operator is experienced in this technique. [ 23 ]