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Atmospheric thermodynamics is the study of heat-to-work transformations (and their reverse) that take place in the Earth's atmosphere and manifest as weather or climate. . Atmospheric thermodynamics use the laws of classical thermodynamics, to describe and explain such phenomena as the properties of moist air, the formation of clouds, atmospheric convection, boundary layer meteorology, and ...
Scots-Irish physicist Lord Kelvin was the first to formulate a concise definition of thermodynamics in 1854 [2] which stated, "Thermo-dynamics is the subject of the relation of heat to forces acting between contiguous parts of bodies, and the relation of heat to electrical agency."
A Assuming an altitude of 194 metres above mean sea level (the worldwide median altitude of human habitation), an indoor temperature of 23 °C, a dewpoint of 9 °C (40.85% relative humidity), and 760 mmHg sea level–corrected barometric pressure (molar water vapor content = 1.16%).
of formation, Δ f H o liquid –196.4 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy, S o liquid: 117.3 J/(mol K) Enthalpy of combustion, Δ c H o –1167 kJ/mol Heat capacity, c p: 96.21 J/(mol K) at 0 °C 89.05 J/(mol K) at 25 °C Gas properties Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ f H o gas –170.7 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy, S o gas: 250.3 J/(mol K ...
The Van 't Hoff equation relates the change in the equilibrium constant, K eq, of a chemical reaction to the change in temperature, T, given the standard enthalpy change, Δ r H ⊖, for the process. The subscript r {\displaystyle r} means "reaction" and the superscript ⊖ {\displaystyle \ominus } means "standard".
Thermal physics, generally speaking, is the study of the statistical nature of physical systems from an energetic perspective. Starting with the basics of heat and temperature, thermal physics analyzes the first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics from the statistical perspective, in terms of the number of microstates corresponding to a given macrostate.
of formation Δ f H o liquid: −483.5 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy S o liquid: 158.0 J/(mol K) Enthalpy of combustion, Δ c H o –876.1 kJ/mol Heat capacity c p: 123.1 J/(mol K) Gas properties Std enthalpy change of formation Δ f H o gas –438.1 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy S o gas: 282.84 J/(mol K) Heat capacity c p: 63.4 J/(mol K) van ...
of formation, Δ f H o solid? kJ/mol Standard molar entropy, S o solid? J/(mol K) Heat capacity, c p? J/(mol K) Liquid properties Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ f H o liquid? kJ/mol Standard molar entropy, S o liquid: 126.7 J/(mol K) Heat capacity, c p: 68.5 J/(mol K) at −179 °C Gas properties Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ f H o ...