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Atomic beam is special case of particle beam; it is the collimated flux (beam) of neutral atoms. The imaging systems using the slow atomic beams can use the Fresnel zone plate (Fresnel diffraction lens) of a Fresnel diffraction mirror as focusing element. The imaging system with atomic beam could provide the sub-micrometre resolution.
Like an optical beam, the atomic beam may exhibit diffraction and interference, and can be focused with a Fresnel zone plate [2] or a concave atomic mirror. [ 3 ] For comprehensive overviews of atom optics, see the 1994 review by Adams, Sigel, and Mlynek [ 1 ] or the 2009 review by Cronin, Jörg, and Pritchard. [ 4 ]
A molecular beam is produced by allowing a gas at higher pressure to expand through a small orifice into a chamber at lower pressure to form a beam of particles (atoms, free radicals, molecules or ions) moving at approximately equal velocities, with very few collisions between the particles.
A laser with a relatively high intensity is sent through the atomic vapor, known as the pump beam. Another counter-propagating weak beam is also sent through the atoms at the same frequency, known as the probe beam. The absorption of the probe beam is recorded on a photodiode for various frequencies of the beams.
The MOT cloud is loaded from a background of thermal vapour, or from an atomic beam, usually slowed down to the capture velocity using a Zeeman slower. However, the trapping potential in a magneto-optical trap is small in comparison to thermal energies of atoms and most collisions between trapped atoms and the background gas supply enough ...
When a beam of high energy ions is used instead of atoms (as in secondary ion mass spectrometry), the method is known as liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (LSIMS). [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] In FAB and LSIMS, the material to be analyzed is mixed with a non-volatile chemical protection environment, called a matrix , and is bombarded under vacuum ...
The full funding for construction was appropriated by US Congress in 1986 and on February 13, 1987, the construction of the main component, the CEBAF accelerator began. The first beam was delivered to the experimental area on 1 July 1994. The design energy of 4 GeV for the beam was achieved during the year 1995.
A Zeeman slower before its incorporation into a larger cold-atom experiment. In atomic physics, a Zeeman slower is a scientific instrument that is commonly used in atomic physics to slow and cool a beam of hot atoms to speeds of several meters per second and temperatures below a kelvin.