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Dynamic range is a measure of how small you can measure a signal relative to the maximum input signal the device can measure. Expressed in decibels, the dynamic range is 20 log (Vmax/Vmin). For example, a device with an input range of ±10 V and a dynamic range of 110 dB will be able to measure a signal as small as 10 μV.
A graph of the A-, B-, C- and D-weightings across the frequency range 10 Hz – 20 kHz Video illustrating A-weighting by analyzing a sine sweep (contains audio). A-weighting is a form of frequency weighting and the most commonly used of a family of curves defined in the International standard IEC 61672:2003 and various national standards relating to the measurement of sound pressure level. [1]
Sound has three basic components, the wavelength, frequency, and speed. In sound measurement, we measure the loudness of the sound in decibels (dB). Decibels are logarithmic with 0 dB as the reference. [1] There are also a range of frequencies that sounds can have. Frequency is the number of times a sine wave repeats itself in a second. [2]
Sound exposure level (SEL) is a logarithmic measure of the sound exposure of a sound relative to a reference value. Sound exposure level, denoted L E and measured in dB , is defined by [ 1 ]
B-weighted sound pressure level is written either as dB B or L B, and C-weighted sound pressure level is written either as dB C or L C. Unweighted sound pressure level is called "linear sound pressure level" and is often written as dB L or just L. Some sound measuring instruments use the letter "Z" as an indication of linear SPL. [13]
Some advanced sound level meters can also include reverberation time (RT60) (a measure of the time required for the sound to "fade away" in an enclosed area after the source of the sound has stopped) measurement capabilities. Measurements can be done using the integrated impulse response or interrupted noise methods.
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The measure is often stated in dB(A), which is the equivalent loudness of the noise on a decibel scale frequency-weighted for how the ear hears, for example: "15 dBA SPL" (SPL means sound pressure level relative to 20 micropascals). The lower the number the better.