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The political system is defined in the Polish Constitution, which also guarantees a wide range of individual freedoms. The judicial branch plays a minor role in politics, apart from the Constitutional Tribunal , which can annul laws that violate the freedoms guaranteed in the constitution.
The Polish constitutional crisis, also known as the Polish rule-of-law crisis, is a political conflict ongoing since 2015 in which the Polish government has been accused of failing to comply with European and Polish constitutional law.
Poland has a multi-party political system, with numerous parties in which no party often has any chance of gaining power by itself, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments. Poland elects on national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people.
Martial law in Poland (Polish: Stan wojenny w Polsce) existed between 13 December 1981 and 22 July 1983.The government of the Polish People's Republic drastically restricted everyday life by introducing martial law and a military junta in an attempt to counter political opposition, in particular the Solidarity movement.
The Soviet invasion of these areas in 1939 created local allies and produced NKVD officers experienced in imposing the communist system. The Soviet Union began planning the transformation of Eastern Europe even before the 1941 Nazi invasion of the USSR. There is evidence that the USSR did not expect to create a communist bloc quickly or easily.
Tension grew between the people of Poland and its communist government, as with the rest of the Eastern bloc as the influence of the Soviet Union faded. With the advent of perestroika in the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev, the opportunity arose to change the system of government, after the harsh period of martial law (1981-83) imposed by general Wojciech Jaruzelski.
Hungary's foreign minister on Monday accused his Polish counterpart of lying, as simmering tensions concerning Warsaw and Budapest's differences over Ukraine erupted into a diplomatic spat.
It was designed to redress long-standing political defects of the federative Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and its Golden Liberty. The Constitution introduced political equality between townspeople and nobility ( szlachta ) and placed the peasants under the protection of the government, [1] thus mitigating the worst abuses of serfdom .