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Ship stability is an area of naval architecture and ship design that deals with how a ship behaves at sea, both in still water and in waves, whether intact or damaged. Stability calculations focus on centers of gravity , centers of buoyancy , the metacenters of vessels, and on how these interact.
extends to the ship's stem. The mizzenstay stretches to a collar on the main-mast, immediately above the quarterdeck. fore-topmast stay goes to the end of the bowsprit, a little beyond the forestay, on which the fore-topmast staysail runs on hanks. main-topmast stay attaches to the hounds of the foremast, or comes on deck. mizzen-topmast stay
In a storm, even large vessels may be rolled by being hit broadside by a large wave or swell or "pitch poled" stem over stern in extreme waves.This is normally catastrophic for larger ships, and smaller yachts can be dismasted (i.e., lose their masts and rigging) due to the drag as the boat is forced to roll over.
Ship stability diagram showing centre of gravity (G), centre of buoyancy (B), and metacentre (M) with ship upright and heeled over to one side. As long as the load of a ship remains stable, G is fixed (relative to the ship). For small angles, M can also be considered to be fixed, while B moves as the ship heels.
Secondary stability, also known as reserve stability, is a boat or ship's ability to right itself at large angles of heel (lateral tilt), as opposed to primary or initial stability, the boat's tendency to stay laterally upright when tilted to low (<10°) angles.
The capsized battleship USS Oklahoma is rotated upright while under salvage at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, 8 March 1943. The ship is in the 130-degree position, with its bow on the left and the starboard deck edge just rising from the water. Parbuckle salvage, or parbuckling, is the righting of a sunken vessel using rotational leverage.
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The stability conditions of watercraft are the various standard loading configurations to which a ship, boat, or offshore platform may be subjected. They are recognized by classification societies such as Det Norske Veritas, Lloyd's Register and American Bureau of Shipping (ABS).