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A nucleoside triphosphate is a nucleoside containing a nitrogenous base bound to a 5-carbon sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose), with three phosphate groups bound to the sugar. [1] They are the molecular precursors of both DNA and RNA , which are chains of nucleotides made through the processes of DNA replication and transcription . [ 2 ]
deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA n ⇌ pyrophosphate + DNA n+1. DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the three prime (3')-end of a DNA strand, one nucleotide at a time. Every time a cell divides, DNA polymerases are required to duplicate the cell's DNA, so that a copy of the original DNA molecule can be passed to each daughter cell. In this way ...
This nucleotide contains the five-carbon sugar deoxyribose (at center), a nucleobase called adenine (upper right), and one phosphate group (left). The deoxyribose sugar joined only to the nitrogenous base forms a Deoxyribonucleoside called deoxyadenosine, whereas the whole structure along with the phosphate group is a nucleotide, a constituent of DNA with the name deoxyadenosine monophosphate.
Deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) is a nucleotide used in cells for DNA synthesis (or replication), as a substrate of DNA polymerase. [ 1 ] Deoxyadenosine triphosphate is produced from DNA by the action of nuclease P1, adenylate kinase , and pyruvate kinase .
A ribonucleotide tri-phosphate (rNTP) is composed of a ribose sugar, 3 phosphate groups attached via diester bonds to the 5' oxygen on the ribose and a nitrogenous base attached to the 1' carbon on the ribose. rNTP's are also referred to as NTPs while the deoxyribose version is referred to as dNTPs.
In enzymology, a deoxynucleoside kinase (EC 2.7.1.145) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. ATP + 2'-deoxynucleoside ADP + 2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and 2'-deoxynucleoside, whereas its two products are ADP and 2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate.
In molecular biology and biochemistry, processivity is an enzyme's ability to catalyze "consecutive reactions without releasing its substrate". [1]For example, processivity is the average number of nucleotides added by a polymerase enzyme, such as DNA polymerase, per association event with the template strand.
In enzymology, a nucleoside-triphosphate diphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.19) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. a nucleoside triphosphate + H 2 O a nucleotide + diphosphate. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are nucleoside triphosphate and H 2 O, whereas its two products are nucleotide and diphosphate.