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In organic chemistry, a cross-coupling reaction is a reaction where two different fragments are joined. Cross-couplings are a subset of the more general coupling reactions. Often cross-coupling reactions require metal catalyst
In organic chemistry, a coupling reaction is a type of reaction in which two reactant molecules are bonded together. Such reactions often require the aid of a metal catalyst .
For a σ bond, it corresponds to involvement of one "interior" lobe and one "exterior" lobe of the bond. The relationship is suprafacial when the same face of the π system or isolated orbital are involved in the process (think syn). For a σ bond, it corresponds to involvement of two "interior" lobes or two "exterior" lobes of the bond.
In the fields of chemical graph theory, molecular topology, and mathematical chemistry, a topological index, also known as a connectivity index, is a type of a molecular descriptor that is calculated based on the molecular graph of a chemical compound. [1]
In such cases, the electron transfer is termed intermolecular electron transfer. A famous example of an inner sphere ET process that proceeds via a transitory bridged intermediate is the reduction of [CoCl(NH 3) 5] 2+ by [Cr(H 2 O) 6] 2+. [5] [6] In this case, the chloride ligand is the bridging ligand that covalently connects the redox ...
For doubly bridging (μ 2-) ligands, two limiting representation are 4-electron and 2-electron bonding interactions. These cases are illustrated in main group chemistry by [Me 2 Al(μ 2-Cl)] 2 and [Me 2 Al(μ 2-Me)] 2. Complicating this analysis is the possibility of metal–metal bonding.
A trick is to count up valence electrons, then count up the number of electrons needed to complete the octet rule (or with hydrogen just 2 electrons), then take the difference of these two numbers. The answer is the number of electrons that make up the bonds. The rest of the electrons just go to fill all the other atoms' octets.
This coupled with the strength of the carbon–carbon bond gives rise to an enormous number of molecular forms, many of which are important structural elements of life, so carbon compounds have their own field of study: organic chemistry. 2,2,3-trimethylpentane. Branching is also common in C−C skeletons. Carbon atoms in a molecule are ...