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Officials initially signal penalties by tossing a bright yellow colored penalty flag onto the field toward or at the spot of a foul. [2] Many penalties result in moving the football toward the offending team's end zone, usually in 5 yard increments. Penalties may go as high as 25 yards depending on the penalty and league.
The referee signals an indirect free kick by raising the arm vertically above the head; a direct free kick is signaled by extending the arm horizontally. [1] A popular method for identifying the different signals is that, for indirect free kicks, the referee holds his hand above his head, creating the letter "I", for an indirect free kick.
Some penalties are signalled with a generic "illegal procedure" signal. [1] Examples are: False start; Illegal formation; Kickoff or safety kick out of bounds; Player voluntarily going out of bounds and returning to the field of play on a punt; Some examples of similar penalties have their own signals. Examples include: Illegal shift; Illegal ...
All of the major American football codes include some form of unfair act rule. In all cases, the definition is deliberately vague, giving the officials great latitude in defining such an act and enforcing penalties for such acts. At the high school level, officials are free to assess any penalty they see fit, up to and including forfeiture of ...
Yellow card shown in an association football match. Penalty cards are used in many sports as a means of warning, reprimanding or penalising a player, coach or team official. Penalty cards are most commonly used by referees or umpires to indicate that a player has committed an offence. The official will hold the card above their head while ...
In American football, an offensive team is penalized five yards for delay of game if it fails to put the ball in play by either snap or free kick before the play clock expires. This time limit varies by league, and is often 25 seconds from the time the referee signals the ball ready for play.
A fair catch of a punt in American football. A fair catch is a feature of American football and several other codes of football, in which a player attempting to catch a ball kicked by the opposing team – either on a kickoff or punt – is entitled to catch the ball without interference from any member of the kicking team. [1]
In Canadian football, the three-minute warning is given when three minutes of game time remain on the game clock in the first and second halves of a game. (If the ball is in play when the clock reaches 3:00, the three-minute warning is given immediately after the ball is declared dead.)