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The use of gold compounds has decreased since the 1980s because of numerous side effects and monitoring requirements, limited efficacy, and very slow onset of action. Most chemical compounds of gold, including some of the drugs discussed below, are not salts, but are examples of metal thiolate complexes .
Sodium aurothiomalate (INN, known in the United States as gold sodium thiomalate) is a gold compound that is used for its immunosuppressive anti-rheumatic effects. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Along with an orally-administered gold salt, auranofin , it is one of only two gold compounds currently employed in modern medicine.
Most drugs based on gold are Au(I) derivatives. [3] Au(III) (referred to as the auric) is a common oxidation state, and is illustrated by gold(III) chloride, Au 2 Cl 6. The gold atom centers in Au(III) complexes, like other d 8 compounds, are typically square planar, with chemical bonds that have both covalent and ionic character.
In 1935, gold drugs were reported to be effective for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. [1] Although many patients reacted positively to the drug, gold thioglucose was not uniformly effective. Only one gold drug remains in active clinical use for this purpose in the United States: auranofin although sodium aurothiomalate (gold sodium ...
Auranofin is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.It improves arthritis symptoms including painful or tender and swollen joints and morning stiffness. [5] Auranofin is a safer treatment compared to the more common injectable gold thiolates (gold sodium thiomalate and gold thioglucose), but meta-analysis of 66 clinical trials concluded that it is somewhat less effective.
Pages in category "Gold compounds" The following 13 pages are in this category, out of 13 total. ... Gold phosphide; Gold-containing drugs; Gold(I,III) chloride;
Organogold chemistry is the study of compounds containing gold–carbon bonds. They are studied in academic research, but have not received widespread use otherwise. The dominant oxidation states for organogold compounds are I with coordination number 2 and a linear molecular geometry and III with CN = 4 and a square planar molecular geometry.
Oral administration of a liquid. In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the way by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body. [1] Routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied. Common examples include oral and intravenous administration ...