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The original marketing mix, or 4 Ps, as originally proposed by marketers and academic Philip Kotler and E. Jerome McCarthy, provides a framework for marketing decision-making. [6] McCarthy's marketing mix has since become one of the most enduring and widely accepted frameworks in marketing. [22]
The extended marketing mix is used in the marketing of services, ideas and customer experiences and typically refers to a model of 7 Ps and includes the original 4 Ps plus process, physical evidence and people. Some texts use a model of 8 Ps and include performance level (service quality) as an 8th P.
Megamarketing is a term coined by U.S. marketing academic, Philip Kotler, [1] [2] [3] to describe the type of marketing activity required when it is necessary to manage elements of the firm's external environment (governments, the media, pressure groups, etc.) as well as the marketing variables; Kotler suggests that two more Ps must be added to the marketing mix: public relations and power.
Marketing mix modeling (MMM) is an analytical approach that uses historic information to quantify impact of marketing activities on sales. Example information that can be used are syndicated point-of-sale data (aggregated collection of product retail sales activity across a chosen set of parameters, like category of product or geographic market) and companies’ internal data.
Philip Kotler (born May 27, 1931) is an American marketing author, consultant, and professor emeritus; the S. C. Johnson & Son Distinguished Professor of International Marketing at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University (1962–2018). [1] He is known for popularizing the definition of marketing mix.
Marketing ethics, however, can be divided into two categories: Positive marketing ethics. Normative marketing ethics. Positive marketing ethics looks at the statement "what is" when it comes to examining marketing practices, an example would be to research fraudulent advertising and keep a record of the violations.
Marketing mix is the most important part of marketing strategy, which is "the framework to manage marketing and incorporate it within a business context [6] ". Marketing strategy: how a business achieves its marketing objectives. The initial step to achieve a marketing strategy is to identify the market target and build up a business plan. [6]
[23] [24] Borden first used the term, 'marketing mix' in an address given while he was the President of the American Marketing Association in the early 1950s. For instance, he is known to have used the term 'marketing mix' in his presidential address given to the American Marketing Association in 1953. [25]