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Projected global surface temperature changes relative to 1850–1900, based on CMIP6 multi-model mean changes. The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report defines global mean surface temperature (GMST) as the "estimated global average of near-surface air temperatures over land and sea ice, and sea surface temperature (SST) over ice-free ocean regions, with changes normally expressed as departures from a ...
By far the best observed period is from 1850 to the present day, with coverage improving over time. Over this period the recent instrumental record, mainly based on direct thermometer readings, has approximately global coverage. It shows a general warming in global temperatures. Before this time various proxies must be used.
This is a list of countries and sovereign states by temperature. Average yearly temperature is calculated by averaging the minimum and maximum daily temperatures in the country, averaged for the years 1991 – 2020, from World Bank Group , derived from raw gridded climatologies from the Climatic Research Unit .
This 12-month average does not mean that the world has yet surpassed the 1.5 C (2.7 F) global warming threshold, which describes a temperature average over decades, beyond which scientists warn of ...
Last year was the warmest year on record, and the first with a global average temperature of more than 1.5 degrees Celsius above the pre-industrial levels. At current rates of warming, 2 degrees ...
Scientific consensus on causation: Academic studies of scientific agreement on human-caused global warming among climate experts (2010–2015) reflect that the level of consensus correlates with expertise in climate science. [435] A 2019 study found scientific consensus to be at 100%, [436] and a 2021 study concluded that consensus exceeded 99% ...
The National Centers for Environmental Prediction, NCEP, recorded global average temperatures 62.9 degrees Fahrenheit on Tuesday and Wednesday, surpassing the previous record set on Monday of 62.6 ...
800,000-, 2,000-, 139-year global average temperature —— Further includes an 800,000 year chart Temperature reconstruction last two millennia —— source of top chart 20190727 COMPARE warming stripes - Global vs Caribbean 1910-2018 (ref 1910-2000) —— top warming stripes graphic (global) uses same data (NOAA) as the bottom chart