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Inventory (American English) or stock (British English) refers to the goods and materials that a business holds for the ultimate goal of resale, production or utilisation. [ nb 1 ] Inventory management is a discipline primarily about specifying the shape and placement of stocked goods.
When a product is in a warehouse or store, it can be tracked via its barcode and/or other tracking criteria, such as serial number, lot number or revision number.Systems. for Business, Encyclopedia of Business, 2nd ed. Nowadays, inventory management software often utilizes barcode, radio-frequency identification (RFID), and/or wireless tracking technology.
In certain business operations, taking a physical inventory is impossible or impractical. In such a situation, it is necessary to estimate the inventory cost. Two very popular methods are 1)- retail inventory method, and 2)- gross profit (or gross margin) method. The retail inventory method uses a cost to retail price ratio.
While it is sometimes used interchangeably, inventory management and inventory control deal with different aspects of inventory. Inventory management is a broader term pertaining to the regulation of all inventory aspects, from what is already present in the warehouse to how the inventory arrived and where the product's final destination will be. [2]
2. Inventory Ownership. Inventory ownership refers to the ownership of the inventory and when the invoice is being issued to the retailer. In vendor managed inventory, there is a number of solutions in terms of payment and transfer of ownership. [11] In the first alternative, the vendor is the owner of inventory at the premises of the customer.
Inventory planning involves using forecasting techniques to estimate the inventory required to meet consumer demand. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The process uses data from customer demand patterns, market trends , supply patterns, and historical sales to generate a demand plan that predicts product needs over a specified period.
Field inventory management, commonly known as inventory management, is the task of understanding the stock mix of a company and the handling of the different demands placed on that stock. The demands are influenced by both external and internal factors and are balanced by the creation of purchase order requests to keep supplies at a reasonable ...
An item whose inventory is sold (turns over) once a year has higher holding cost than one that turns over twice, or three times, or more in that time. Stock turnover also indicates the briskness of the business. The purpose of increasing inventory turns is to reduce inventory for three reasons. Increasing inventory turns reduces holding cost ...