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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [8] [9] [10] is a retrovirus [11] that attacks the immune system.It is a preventable disease. [5] It can be managed with treatment and become a manageable chronic health condition. [5]
The management of HIV/AIDS typically involves the use of multiple antiretroviral drugs. In many parts of the world, HIV has become a chronic condition, with progression to AIDS increasingly rare. HIV latency and the resulting viral reservoir in CD4 + T cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages is the main barrier to eradication of the virus. [19 ...
Condom in the shape of an AIDS ribbon Various personal lubricants. Consistent condom use reduces the risk of heterosexual HIV transmission by about 80% over the long-term. [21] Where one partner of a couple has HIV infection, consistent condom use results in rates of HIV infection for the uninfected person below 1% per year. [22]
AIDS, in particular, has a long asymptomatic period—during which time HIV (the human immunodeficiency virus, which causes AIDS) can replicate and the disease can be transmitted to others—followed by a symptomatic period, which leads rapidly to death unless treated. HIV/AIDS entered the United States from Haiti in about 1969. [123]
HIV/AIDS affects economic growth by reducing the availability of human capital. [1] Without proper prevention, nutrition, health care and medicine that is available in developing countries, large numbers of people are developing AIDS. People living with HIV/AIDS will not only be unable to work, but will also require significant medical care.
Nucleic-acid-based tests amplify and detect one or more of several target sequences located in specific HIV genes, such as HIV-I GAG, HIV-II GAG, HIV-env, or the HIV-pol. [33] [34] Since these tests are relatively expensive, the blood is screened by first pooling some 8–24 samples and testing these together; if the pool tests positive, each ...
The management of HIV/AIDS normally includes the use of multiple antiretroviral drugs as a strategy to control HIV infection. [1] There are several classes of antiretroviral agents that act on different stages of the HIV life-cycle. The use of multiple drugs that act on different viral targets is known as highly active antiretroviral therapy ...
CD4 T-cell depletion and chronic inflammation are the two signature events that drive HIV pathogenesis and progression to AIDS. Infection of the cells of the CNS cause acute aseptic meningitis, subacute encephalitis, vacuolar myelopathy and peripheral neuropathy. Later it leads to even AIDS dementia complex.