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The Spring 1945 offensive in Italy, codenamed Operation Grapeshot, was the final Allied attack during the Italian Campaign in the final stages of the Second World War. [6] The attack in the Lombard Plain by the 15th Allied Army Group started on 6 April 1945 and ended on 2 May with the surrender of all Axis forces in Italy .
The Italian Civil War (Italian: Guerra civile italiana, pronounced [ˈɡwɛrra tʃiˈviːle itaˈljaːna]) was a civil war in the Kingdom of Italy fought during the Italian campaign of World War II between Italian fascists and Italian partisans (mostly politically organized in the National Liberation Committee) and, to a lesser extent, the Italian Co-belligerent Army.
The command of the CVL (front row) during the liberation parade in Milan, on 6 May 1945. Left to right are Mario Argenton, Giovanni Battista Stucchi, Ferruccio Parri, Raffaele Cadorna, Luigi Longo, Enrico Mattei, and Fermo Solari. In March–April 1945 the partisan formations were unified into military units under the command of the CVL.
The Allies' final offensive commenced with massive aerial and artillery bombardments on 9 April 1945. [54] The Allies had 1,500,000 men and women deployed in Italy in April 1945. [ 7 ] The Axis on 7 April had 599,404 troops of which 439,224 were Germans and 160,180 were Italians. [ 7 ]
This marked another turning point in the escalation of violence that would only end with the final liberation by allied troops and partisans on 26 April 1945. After World War II, as Italy joined the NATO alliance, Verona once again acquired its strategic importance, due to its geographical closeness to the Iron Curtain.
The Race for Trieste (Italian: Corsa per Trieste), [8] also known as the Trieste Operation (Slovene: Tržaška operacija), was a battle during the Second World War that took place during early May 1945. It led to a joint allied victory for the Yugoslav Partisans and 2nd New Zealand Division and a joint occupation of Trieste, but relations soon ...
General underground Italian opposition to the Fascist Italian government existed even before World War II, but open and armed resistance followed the German invasion of Italy on 8 September 1943: in Nazi-occupied Italy, the Italian Resistance fighters, known as the partigiani , fought a guerra di liberazione nazionale ('national liberation war ...
By early May 1945, the Allies had effective control over the whole of Italy. In exchange for 1000 lira and a merit certificate, partisans were encouraged to hand their weapons in and end parades in which they were publicly thanked for their efforts. By June 1945 the power of the CTLN had been reduced drastically. [18]