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The Spring 1945 offensive in Italy, codenamed Operation Grapeshot, was the final Allied attack during the Italian Campaign in the final stages of the Second World War. [6] The attack in the Lombard Plain by the 15th Allied Army Group started on 6 April 1945 and ended on 2 May with the surrender of all Axis forces in Italy .
The Italian Civil War (Italian: Guerra civile italiana, pronounced [ˈɡwɛrra tʃiˈviːle itaˈljaːna]) was a civil war in the Kingdom of Italy fought during the Italian campaign of World War II between Italian fascists and Italian partisans (mostly politically organized in the National Liberation Committee) and, to a lesser extent, the Italian Co-belligerent Army.
The Italian campaign of World War II, also called the Liberation of Italy following the German occupation in September 1943, consisted of Allied and Axis operations in and around Italy, from 1943 to 1945.
The Wehrmacht: The German Army of World War II, 1939–1945. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 1-57958-312-1. Rothenberg, Gunther Erich (1981). The Art of Warfare in the Age of Napoleon. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-20260-4. Sadkovich, James J. (1989). "Understanding Defeat: Reappraising Italy's Role in World War II". Journal of Contemporary History.
General underground Italian opposition to the Fascist Italian government existed even before World War II, but open and armed resistance followed the German invasion of Italy on 8 September 1943: in Nazi-occupied Italy, the Italian Resistance fighters, known as the partigiani , fought a guerra di liberazione nazionale ('national liberation war ...
The command of the CVL (front row) during the liberation parade in Milan, on 6 May 1945. Left to right are Mario Argenton, Giovanni Battista Stucchi, Ferruccio Parri, Raffaele Cadorna, Luigi Longo, Enrico Mattei, and Fermo Solari. In March–April 1945 the partisan formations were unified into military units under the command of the CVL.
Italy will be true to its word"), while puzzling to the Allies, did not deceive Hitler, who immediately understood that the change of regime would very likely lead to an Italian defection, which would endanger the German forces fighting in Southern Italy and the entire Wehrmacht presence in Southern Europe.
The CVL represented the partisan movement among Allies and the Italian government and it had the purpose of coordinate brigades and local National Liberation Committees. [ 2 ] According to the communist members, the brigade formation implied a military-like model of organization with a hierarchy formed by General Command, divisions, brigades ...