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During the early decades of the nineteenth century, the situation for cottiers worsened considerably as the population continued to expand. This way of life was brought abruptly to a close by the effects of the potato blight, which resulted in death by starvation and disease of many peasants, with consequent depopulation, of the Great Famine of ...
From the late 15th century, if not earlier, two main branches of the Cotter family in County Cork are evident, one based at Coppingerstown Castle, the other at Inismore (Great Island, Oileán Mór an Barraigh, on which the port of Cobh, formerly Queenstown, stands). The family name was usually recorded as 'MacCotter' until the 17th century when ...
This period, known as the "Land War" in Ireland, had a nationalist as well as a social element. The reason for this was that the land-owning class in Ireland, since the period of the 17th century Plantations of Ireland, had been composed of Protestant settlers, originally from England, who had a British identity.
The Irish Land Commission was created by the British crown in 1843 to "inquire into the occupation of the land in Ireland. The office of the commission was in Dublin Castle, and the records were, on its conclusion, deposited in the records tower there, from whence they were transferred in 1898 to the Public Record Office". [ 1 ]
The UK Parliament at Westminster passed further Land Acts for Northern Ireland after the Partition of Ireland, such as the Northern Ireland Land Act 1925 (15 & 16 Geo. 5. c. 34), the Northern Ireland Land Act 1929 (19 & 20 Geo. 5. c. 14) and the Northern Ireland Land Purchase (Winding Up) Act 1935 (25 & 26 Geo. 5. c. 21).
Known as sub-division, this inheritance practice continued by tradition until the middle of the 19th century. The growth of population inevitably caused subdivision. Population grew from a level of about 500,000 in 1000 AD to about 2 million by 1700, and 5 million by 1800.
During the 19th century, there were many cases of middlemen renting the land and then sub-letting on conacre to desperate landless labourers or cottiers at a high profit. [ 2 ] In March 2009, a ruling by the Court of Appeal of Northern Ireland removed tax relief on land with development potential which has been let under conacre.
Burke's Landed Gentry (originally titled Burke's Commoners) is a reference work listing families in Great Britain and Ireland who have owned rural estates of some size. The work has been in existence from the first half of the 19th century, and was founded by John Burke .