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The four-sides model also known as communication square or four-ears model is a communication model described in 1981 by German psychologist Friedemann Schulz von Thun. [2] [3] It describes the multi-layered structure of human utterances.
Human communication can be defined as any Shared Symbolic Interaction. [6]Shared, because each communication process also requires a system of signification (the Code) as its necessary condition, and if the encoding is not known to all those who are involved in the communication process, there is no understanding and therefore fails the same notification.
Direct communication clear states what their intentions or instructions are, while indirect communication relies on different forms of communication to relay their meaning or intentions. Direct communication strategies: using imperatives, statement of prohibition, instructions, statement of permission/preference, or suggestions.
When factor analysis is applied to personality survey data, semantic associations between aspects of personality and specific terms are often applied to the same person. For example, someone described as conscientious is more likely to be described as "always prepared" rather than "messy".
The detailed study of interpersonal communication dates back to the 1970s and was formalized based on aspects of communication that preceded it. Aspects of communication such as rhetoric, persuasion, and dialogue have become a part of interpersonal communication. [8] As writing and language styles developed, humans found ways to transfer messages.
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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 16 February 2025. Transmission of information For other uses, see Communication (disambiguation). "Communicate" redirects here. For other uses, see Communicate (disambiguation). There are many forms of communication, including human linguistic communication using sounds, sign language, and writing as ...
In humans, one of the means of communication is the posture of the body, in addition to facial expressions, personal distances, gestures and body movements. [11] Posture conveys information about: Interpersonal relations; Personality traits such as confidence, submissiveness, and openness. Social standing; Current emotional states