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The time when the Sun transits the observer's meridian depends on the geographic longitude. To find the Sun's position for a given location at a given time, one may therefore proceed in three steps as follows: [1] [2] calculate the Sun's position in the ecliptic coordinate system, convert to the equatorial coordinate system, and
The solar azimuth angle is the azimuth (horizontal angle with respect to north) of the Sun's position. [1] [2] [3] This horizontal coordinate defines the Sun's relative direction along the local horizon, whereas the solar zenith angle (or its complementary angle solar elevation) defines the Sun's apparent altitude.
By astronomical convention, the four seasons are determined by the solstices (the two points in the Earth's orbit of the maximum tilt of the Earth's axis, toward the Sun or away from the Sun) and the equinoxes (the two points in the Earth's orbit where the Earth's tilted axis and an imaginary line drawn from the Earth to the Sun are exactly ...
Coordinates Primary direction (0° longitude) Latitude Longitude Horizontal (also called alt-az or el-az) Observer Horizon: Zenith, nadir: Altitude (a) or elevation Azimuth (A) North or south point of horizon Equatorial: Center of the Earth (geocentric), or Sun (heliocentric) Celestial equator: Celestial poles: Declination (δ) Right ascension (α)
In astronomical navigation, the intercept method, also known as Marcq St. Hilaire method, is a method of calculating an observer's position on Earth (geopositioning).It was originally called the azimuth intercept method because the process involves drawing a line which intercepts the azimuth line.
For example, the solar elevation angle is: 90° at the subsolar point, which occurs, for example, at the equator on a day of equinox at solar noon; near 0° at the sunset or at the sunrise; between −90° and 0° during the night (midnight) An exact calculation is given in position of the Sun. Other approximations exist elsewhere. [6]
Geodetic coordinates are a type of curvilinear orthogonal coordinate system used in geodesy based on a reference ellipsoid. They include geodetic latitude (north/south) ϕ , longitude (east/west) λ , and ellipsoidal height h (also known as geodetic height [ 1 ] ).
At this latitude midnight sun lasts from about May 16th to July 27th, and civil polar twilight from November 25th to January 16th. At noon on the summer and winter solstices, the altitude of the sun is 43.45° and -3.04° respectively. At midnight on the summer solstice, the altitude of the sun is 3.64°.