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  2. Ribonucleotide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonucleotide

    The RNA chain is synthesized from the 5' end to the 3' end as the 3'-hydroxyl group of the last ribonucleotide in the chain acts as a nucleophile and launches a hydrophilic attack on the 5'-triphosphate of the incoming ribonucleotide, releasing pyrophosphate as a by-[6] product. Due to the physical properties of the nucleotides, the backbone of ...

  3. RNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA

    The chemical structure of RNA is very similar to that of DNA, but differs in three primary ways: Unlike double-stranded DNA, RNA is usually a single-stranded molecule (ssRNA) [4] in many of its biological roles and consists of much shorter chains of nucleotides. [5]

  4. Ribosomal RNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosomal_RNA

    The tertiary structure of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) has been resolved by X-ray crystallography. [33] The secondary structure of SSU rRNA contains 4 distinct domains—the 5', central, 3' major and 3' minor domains. A model of the secondary structure for the 5' domain (500-800 nucleotides) is shown.

  5. Nucleic acid structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_structure

    Nucleic acid structure refers to the structure of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. Chemically speaking, DNA and RNA are very similar. Chemically speaking, DNA and RNA are very similar. Nucleic acid structure is often divided into four different levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.

  6. List of RNAs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_RNAs

    Small RNA that is activated by SgrR in Escherichia coli during glucose-phosphate stress shRNA: short hairpin RNA - siRNA: small interfering RNA - SL RNA spliced leader RNA multiple families: SmY RNA: mRNA trans-splicing RF01844: Small nuclear RNAs found in some species of nematode worms, thought to be involved in mRNA trans-splicing snoRNA ...

  7. DNA and RNA codon tables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_and_RNA_codon_tables

    The standard RNA codon table organized in a wheel A codon table can be used to translate a genetic code into a sequence of amino acids . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The standard genetic code is traditionally represented as an RNA codon table, because when proteins are made in a cell by ribosomes , it is messenger RNA (mRNA) that directs protein synthesis .

  8. Nucleic acid tertiary structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Nucleic_acid_tertiary_structure

    Two important functions are the binding potential with ligands or proteins, and its ability to stabilize the whole tertiary structure of DNA or RNA. The strong structure can inhibit or modulate transcription and replication, such as in the telomeres of chromosomes and the UTR of mRNA. [18] The base identity is important towards ligand binding.

  9. Ribozyme - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribozyme

    The Type 1 RNA evolved to be catalytically inactive, but complexing with the Type 5 RNA boosted its polymerization ability and enabled intermolecular interactions with the RNA template substrate obviating the need to tether the template directly to the RNA sequence of the RPR, which was a limitation of earlier studies.

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