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The foundations for this framework are the Principles and Standards for School Mathematics published by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics [1] [2] [3] (NCTM) in 2000. A second report focused on statistics education at the collegiate level, the GAISE College Report, was published in 2005. Both reports were endorsed by the ASA. [4]
Data analysis is the process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming, and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information, informing conclusions, and supporting decision-making. [1] Data analysis has multiple facets and approaches, encompassing diverse techniques under a variety of names, and is used in different business, science ...
Data science is "a concept to unify statistics, data analysis, informatics, and their related methods" to "understand and analyze actual phenomena" with data. [5] It uses techniques and theories drawn from many fields within the context of mathematics , statistics, computer science , information science , and domain knowledge . [ 6 ]
The Latin word data is the plural of datum, "(thing) given," and the neuter past participle of dare, "to give". [6] The first English use of the word "data" is from the 1640s. The word "data" was first used to mean "transmissible and storable computer information" in 1946. The expression "data processing" was first used in 1954. [6]
There are three main problems that missing data causes: missing data can introduce a substantial amount of bias, make the handling and analysis of the data more arduous, and create reductions in efficiency. [1] Because missing data can create problems for analyzing data, imputation is seen as a way to avoid pitfalls involved with listwise ...
Two data points for which quantity disagreement is 0 and allocation disagreement is 2 for both MAE and RMSE. In remote sensing the MAE is sometimes expressed as the sum of two components: quantity disagreement and allocation disagreement.
Ooms, Marius (2009). "Trends in Applied Econometrics Software Development 1985–2008: An Analysis of Journal of Applied Econometrics Research Articles, Software Reviews, Data and Code". Palgrave Handbook of Econometrics. Vol. 2: Applied Econometrics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 1321– 1348. ISBN 978-1-4039-1800-0. Renfro, Charles G. (2004).
This metric is well suited to intermittent-demand series (a data set containing a large amount of zeros) because it never gives infinite or undefined values [1] except in the irrelevant case where all historical data are equal. [3] When comparing forecasting methods, the method with the lowest MASE is the preferred method.