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Land navigation is the discipline of following a route through unfamiliar terrain on foot or by vehicle, using maps with reference to terrain, a compass, and other navigational tools. [1] It is distinguished from travel by traditional groups, such as the Tuareg [ 2 ] across the Sahara and the Inuit [ 3 ] across the Arctic , who use subtle cues ...
A navigation system on an oil tanker. Navigation [1] is a field of study that focuses on the process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another. [2] The field of navigation includes four general categories: land navigation, [3] marine navigation, aeronautic navigation, and space navigation. [1]
Two sample pages of the 2002 Nautical Almanac published by the U.S. Naval Observatory. A nautical almanac is a publication describing the positions of a selection of celestial bodies for the purpose of enabling navigators to use celestial navigation to determine the position of their ship while at sea.
Critics of feudalism have complained of a culture of feudal impunity, where local police will refuse to pursue charges against an influential landowning family even when murder or mayhem have been committed; [6] [8] of abuse of power by some landlords who may place enemies in "private prisons" and "enslave" local people through debt bondage; [1] the harming of progress and prosperity by ...
A shujra or shujrah is a detailed village map that is used for legal (land ownership) and administrative purposes in India and Pakistan. A shujra maps out the village lands into land parcels and gives each parcel a unique number. [1] [2] The patwari (or village accountant) maintains a record for each one of these parcels in documents called ...
A Khasra Girdawari (Hindustani: ख़सरा or خسره گرداوری) is a legal Revenue Department document used in India and Pakistan that specifies land and crop details. [1] It is often used in conjunction with a shajra (or shajra kishtwar ), which is a family tree of owner ;used for reference map of the village that administers the ...
Although Urdu is still very prominent in early 21st-century Indian pop culture, ranging from Bollywood [121] to social media, knowledge of the Urdu script and the publication of books in Urdu have steadily declined, while policies of the Indian government do not actively support the preservation of Urdu in professional and official spaces. [123]
A Kanal is a unit of area, equivalent to 5445 square feet or one-eighth of an acre.It is mainly used in Punjab province of Pakistan.Under British rule the Marla and Kanal were standardized so that the Kanal equals exactly 605 square yards or 1/8 acre; this is equivalent to about 505.857 square meters.