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Literal meaning of jyā Technical meaning of jyā and kojyā. An arc of a circle is like a bow and so is called a dhanu or chāpa which in Sanskrit means "a bow". The straight line joining the two extremities of an arc of a circle is like the string of a bow and this line is a chord of the circle.
Perpendicular is also used as a noun: a perpendicular is a line which is perpendicular to a given line or plane. Perpendicularity is one particular instance of the more general mathematical concept of orthogonality ; perpendicularity is the orthogonality of classical geometric objects.
A chord (from the Latin chorda, meaning "bowstring") of a circle is a straight line segment whose endpoints both lie on a circular arc. If a chord were to be extended infinitely on both directions into a line, the object is a secant line. The perpendicular line passing through the chord's midpoint is called sagitta (Latin for "arrow").
A unit vector means that the vector has a length of 1, which is also known as normalized. Orthogonal means that the vectors are all perpendicular to each other. A set of vectors form an orthonormal set if all vectors in the set are mutually orthogonal and all of unit length. An orthonormal set which forms a basis is called an orthonormal basis.
In modern mathematics, they are generally defined as elements of a set called space, which is itself axiomatically defined. With these modern definitions, every geometric shape is defined as a set of points; this is not the case in synthetic geometry, where a line is another fundamental object that is not viewed as the set of the points through ...
The line of centers is perpendicular to the radical plane, which is a real plane in the pencil containing the imaginary circle. If the spheres intersect in a point A, all the spheres in the pencil are tangent at A and the radical plane is the common tangent plane of all these spheres. The line of centers is perpendicular to the radical plane at A.
In mathematics, orthogonality is the generalization of the geometric notion of perpendicularity to the linear algebra of bilinear forms. Two elements u and v of a vector space with bilinear form B {\displaystyle B} are orthogonal when B ( u , v ) = 0 {\displaystyle B(\mathbf {u} ,\mathbf {v} )=0} .
Orthogonal (or perpendicular) – at a right angle (at the point of intersection). Elevation – along a curve from a point on the horizon to the zenith, directly overhead. Depression – along a curve from a point on the horizon to the nadir, directly below. Vertical – spanning the height of a body. Longitudinal – spanning the length of a ...