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A dendritic cell (DC) is an antigen-presenting cell (also known as an accessory cell) of the mammalian immune system.A DC's main function is to process antigen material and present it on the cell surface to the T cells of the immune system.
In females, the dendritic structure can change as a result of physiological conditions induced by hormones during periods such as pregnancy, lactation, and following the estrous cycle. This is particularly visible in pyramidal cells of the CA1 region of the hippocampus, where the density of dendrites can vary up to 30%. [14]
Follicular dendritic cells (FDC) are cells of the immune system found in primary and secondary lymph follicles (lymph nodes) of the B cell areas of the lymphoid tissue. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Unlike dendritic cells (DC), FDCs are not derived from the bone-marrow hematopoietic stem cell , but are of mesenchymal origin. [ 4 ]
Langerhans cell is represented by a yellow oval; blue arrows correspond to is_a relations, and orange arrows correspond to develops_from relations. Only a subset of Langerhans cell parent types are included in the figure. [1] A Langerhans cell (LC) is a tissue-resident macrophage of the skin [2] once thought to be a resident dendritic cell. [3]
In central tolerance, dendritic cells are present within the thymus, or the location of T cell development and maturation. Thymic dendritic cells can intake dead medullary thymic epithelial cells, and cross present "self" peptides on MHC class I as a negative selection check on cytotoxic T cells that have a high affinity for self peptides. [6]
Macrophages and dendritic cells are derived from common bone marrow precursor cells that have undergone different differentiation (as histiocytes) under the influence of various environmental (tissue location) and growth factors such as GM-CSF, TNF and IL-4.
Non-neuronal cells that have dendrites: Dendritic cells, part of the mammalian immune system; Melanocytes, pigment-producing cells located in the skin; Merkel cells, receptor-cells in the skin associated with the sense of touch; Corneal keratocytes, specialized fibroblasts residing in the stroma. Osteocytes, the most abundant cells in mature bone.
A basal dendrite is a dendrite that emerges from the base of a pyramidal cell [1] that receives information from nearby neurons and passes it to the soma, or cell body. Due to their direct attachment to the cell body itself, basal dendrites are able to deliver strong depolarizing currents and therefore have a strong effect on action potential output in neurons. [2]