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Fasciola pass through five phases in their life cycle: egg, miracidium, cercaria, metacercaria, and adult fluke. [2] The eggs are passed in the feces of mammalian hosts and, if they enter freshwater, the eggs hatch into miracidia.
Fasciola gigantica causes outbreaks in tropical areas of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Africa.The geographical distribution of F. gigantica overlaps with F. hepatica in many African and Asian countries and sometimes in the same country, although in such cases, the ecological requirement of the flukes and their snail hosts are distinct.
Adult trematodes of Fasciolidae range in length from 2 cm, for species of Parafasciolopsis, and 10 cm, for species such as Fasciola gigantica. The oral and ventral suckers are usually located. the cercariae are of a gymnocephalic shape.
Fasciola hepatica infects various animal species, mostly herbivores. [27] Fasciolosis is caused by two digenetic trematodes F. hepatica and F. gigantica. Adult flukes of both species are localized in the bile ducts of the liver or gallbladder. F. hepatica measures 2 to 3 cm and has a cosmopolitan distribution.
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A detailed account of the F. magna life cycle was given by Swales (1935), Erhardová-Kotrlá (1971), and reviewed by Pybus (2001). [1] [2] [4] The cercariae of F. magna shed from the snail. Adult flukes occur in pairs or groups within a fibrous capsule in the liver parenchyma of the definitive host. Mature flukes release eggs which are ...
You’ve probably used Google Earth, which was originally created in 2001, over the past couple of decades for fun, navigation, studies, or work at some point in your life.
The Javan rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus) once roamed across many countries in Southeast Asia. Around 2,000 years ago, they were still common in many parts of China. Around 12,000 years ago, they ...