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The History of Non-Secret Encryption JH Ellis 1987 (28K PDF file) (HTML version) The First Ten Years of Public-Key Cryptography Whitfield Diffie, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 76, no. 5, May 1988, pp: 560–577 (1.9MB PDF file) Menezes, Alfred; van Oorschot, Paul; Vanstone, Scott (1997). Handbook of Applied Cryptography Boca Raton, Florida: CRC ...
Thus, a representation that compresses the storage size of a file from 10 MB to 2 MB yields a space saving of 1 - 2/10 = 0.8, often notated as a percentage, 80%. For signals of indefinite size, such as streaming audio and video, the compression ratio is defined in terms of uncompressed and compressed data rates instead of data sizes:
An unpredictable (typically large and random) number is used to begin generation of an acceptable pair of keys suitable for use by an asymmetric key algorithm. In this example the message is digitally signed with Alice's private key, but the message itself is not encrypted.
Phase behavior Triple point: 150 K (−123 °C), 0.00043 Pa Critical point: 514 K (241 °C), 63 bar Std enthalpy change of fusion, Δ fus H o +4.9 kJ/mol
Readability is the ease with which a reader can understand a written text.The concept exists in both natural language and programming languages though in different forms. In natural language, the readability of text depends on its content (the complexity of its vocabulary and syntax) and its presentation (such as typographic aspects that affect legibility, like font size, line height ...
In an effort to avoid dangerous climate change, the British Government first committed to cutting UK carbon emissions by 60% by 2050 (compared to 1990 levels), [3] and in October 2008 increased this commitment to 80%. The scheme has also been credited with driving up demand for energy-efficient goods and services.
In early 2000, after an increase in the size of the business, it was determined that the insurance company's solvency was marginal, and a small asset price change could see the insurance company become insolvent. It did. Director Rodney Adler, CEO Ray Williams and others were sentenced to prison for fraudulent activity. Pacific Gas & Electric ...
WD-40's formula is a trade secret. [17] The original copy of the formula was moved to a secure bank vault in San Diego in 2018. [18] To avoid disclosing its composition, the product was not patented in 1953, and the window of opportunity for patenting it has long since closed.