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Standard Model of Particle Physics. The diagram shows the elementary particles of the Standard Model (the Higgs boson, the three generations of quarks and leptons, and the gauge bosons), including their names, masses, spins, charges, chiralities, and interactions with the strong, weak and electromagnetic forces.
The Standard Model of particle physics is the theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces (electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions – excluding gravity) in the universe and classifying all known elementary particles.
All four of the known fundamental forces are mediated by fields. In the Standard Model of particle physics, three of these result from the exchange of gauge bosons. These are: Strong interaction: the interaction responsible for holding quarks together to form hadrons, and holding neutrons and also protons together to form atomic nuclei.
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The Standard Model is widely considered to be a provisional theory rather than a truly fundamental one, however, since it is not known if it is compatible with Einstein's general relativity. There may be hypothetical elementary particles not described by the Standard Model, such as the graviton , the particle that would carry the gravitational ...
The Standard Model of particle physics was finalized in the mid-1970s upon experimental confirmation of the existence of quarks.Subsequent discoveries of the top quark (1995), the tau neutrino (2000), and the Higgs boson (2013), gave the model further credence.
An example of a saddle point (in red) on a simple function.. A sphaleron (Greek: σφαλερός "slippery") is a static (time-independent) solution to the electroweak field equations of the Standard Model of particle physics, and is involved in certain hypothetical processes that violate baryon and lepton numbers.
This nonzero value underlies the Higgs mechanism of the Standard Model. This value is given by v = 1 / 2 G F 0 = 2 M W / g ≈ 246.22 G e V {\displaystyle v=1/{\sqrt {{\sqrt {2}}G_{F}^{0}}}=2M_{W}/g\approx 246.22\,{\rm {GeV}}} , where M W is the mass of the W Boson, G F 0 {\displaystyle G_{F}^{0}} the reduced Fermi constant , and g the weak ...