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Periapical periodontitis of some form is a very common condition. The prevalence of periapical periodontitis is generally reported to vary according to age group, e.g. 33% in those aged 20–30, 40% in 30- to 40-year-olds, 48% in 40- to 50-year-olds, 57% in 50- to 60-year-olds and 62% in those over the age of 60. [13]
During this time, the signs and symptoms of periodontal diseases were firmly established. [15] Rather than a single disease entity, periodontal disease is a combination of multiple disease processes that share a common clinical manifestation. The cause includes both local and systemic factors.
In 1890, W.D. Miller, considered the father of oral microbiology, was the first to associate pulpal disease with the presence of bacteria. [11] This was confirmed by Kakehashi, who, in 1965, proved that bacteria were the cause of pulpal and periradicular disease in studies using animal models; pulpal exposures were initiated in both normal and germ-free rats, and while no pathologic changes ...
A periodontal pocket contains dental plaque, bacteria and subgingival calculus. [6] Periodontal pathogens continually find their way into the soft tissues, but normally they are held in check by the immune system. [7] A periodontal abscess represents a change in this balance, related to decreased local or systemic resistance of the host. [8]
Severe gingivitis in dogs can further advance into periodontal disease in which the periodontal tissues begin to degrade and, if left untreated, can lead to tooth loss. [11] Studies have also shown that periodontal disease can negatively affect systemic health which impacts the overall health of the dog, therefore exhibiting the importance of ...
Periapical radiograph showing peri-radicular radiolucency and bone loss caused by an odontogenic infection under the roots of two anterior teeth in a 30-year-old patient An odontogenic infection is an infection that originates within a tooth or in the closely surrounding tissues. [ 1 ]
Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a set of inflammatory conditions affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth. [5] In its early stage, called gingivitis , the gums become swollen and red and may bleed. [ 5 ]
A periodontal abscess can occur as the result of tooth fracture, food packing into a periodontal pocket (with poorly shaped fillings), calculus build-up, and lowered immune responses (such as in diabetes). Periodontal abscess can also occur after periodontal scaling, which causes the gums to tighten around the teeth and trap debris in the pocket.
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