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Leonardite It is an oxidation product of lignite , associated with near-surface mining . [ 1 ] It is a rich source of humic acid (up to 90%) [ 2 ] and is used as a soil conditioner , as a stabilizer for ion-exchange resins in water treatment, [ 3 ] in the remediation of polluted environments and as a drilling additive. [ 4 ]
Potassium humate is used in agriculture as a fertilizer additive to increase the efficiency of fertilizers especially nitrogen- and phosphorus-based fertilizer inputs. Other salts of humic acid are manufactured, mainly sodium humate, which is used in animal health supplements. It also can be used in aquaculture.
"Humic substances" is an umbrella term covering humic acid, fulvic acid and humin, which differ in solubility. By definition, humic acid (HA) is soluble in water at neutral and alkaline pH, but insoluble at acidic pH < 2. Fulvic acid (FA) is soluble in water at any pH. Humin is not soluble in water at any pH.
The International Humic Substances Society maintains a collection of standard and reference samples of humic and fulvic acids extracted and fractionated from leonardite, river water, a mineral soil, and peat, plus natural organic matter isolated from river water by reverse osmosis, [4] without fractionation. [5]
Maddingley Mine is a mine near Bacchus Marsh Railway Station, [1] Victoria, Australia, that contains a concentration of a particular brown coal formation called Leonardite. A relatively high altitude formation, Maddingley brown coal is distinguished as having 60% moisture content and a rich fulvic acid and humic acid content. [2]
It is reducible to a fine powder by trituration, and if submitted to the action of a weak solution of potash, it yields a considerable quantity of humic acid. [38] Leonardite is an oxidized form of lignite, which also contains high levels of humic acid. [57] Jet is a hardened, gem-like form of lignite used in various types of jewelry. [41]
Soil consists of both mineral (inorganic) and organic components. The organic components can be subdivided into fractions that are soluble, largely humic acids, and insoluble, the humins. Humins make up about 50% of the organic matter in soil. [1]
Fulvic acid is the genus that contains the matter that has the lowest molecular weight, is soluble in acids and alkalis, and is susceptible to microbial action. Humic acid is the genus that contains the intermediate matter that has medial molecular weight, is soluble in alkalis and insoluble in acids, and has some resistance to microbial action.
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