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The association of brain edema with increased in hospital risk of death was observed in TBI across all level of severity. [34] Edema in the acute and chronic phases were associated with a worse neurologic and clinical outcome. [34] Children with TBI and cerebral edema have worse clinical outcomes as well. [34]
Of those who have residual symptoms after PRES, this is attributable largely to hemorrhage. [1] [4] Non-resolution of MRI abnormalities has been linked with poorer outcomes. [4] The presence of brain hemorrhage and cytotoxic edema (brain edema with concomittant brain tissue damage) is also associated with a poor prognosis. [2]
Treatment of the loss of autoregulation of the brain's blood vessels may be difficult or impossible. [29] When SIS occurs, surgery does not help and there is little hope for recovery. [23] Treatment requires immediate recognition and includes administration of osmotic agents and hyperventilation [23] in order to lower intracranial pressure.
ARIA-E refers to cerebral edema, involving the breakdown of the tight endothelial junctions of the blood-brain barrier and subsequent accumulation of fluid. [3] In a double-blind trial of the humanised monoclonal antibody solanezumab (n = 2042), sixteen patients (11 taking the drug, 5 taking a placebo), or 0.78% developed ARIA-E.
Clinical signs of cerebral edema, such as focal neurological deficits, papilledema [5] and decreased level of consciousness, if temporally associated with recent hemodialysis, suggest the diagnosis. A computed tomography of the head is typically done to rule-out other intracranial causes.
The primary place of first complaint to a physician is a hospital emergency room. [25] [66] Up to 94% of those with sCSFLS are initially misdiagnosed. Incorrect diagnoses include migraines, meningitis, Chiari malformation, and psychiatric disorders. The average time from onset of symptoms until definitive diagnosis is 13 months. [67]
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High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is a medical condition in which the brain swells with fluid because of the physiological effects of traveling to a high altitude. It generally appears in patients who have acute mountain sickness and involves disorientation, lethargy, and nausea among other symptoms.