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  2. Universal Negro Improvement Association and African ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Negro...

    The UNIA 1929 headed by Garvey continued operating in Jamaica until he moved to England in 1935. There he set up office for the parent body of the UNIA 1929 and maintained contact with all its divisions. UNIA 1929 conventions were held in Canada in 1936, 1937, and 1938. The 1937 sessions were highlighted by the introduction of the first course ...

  3. List of landmark African-American legislation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_landmark_African...

    Strauder v. West Virginia (1880) - Limited enforcement of the Civil Rights Act of 1866. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) - Ruled racial segregation and Jim Crow laws in the South to be constitutional under the "separate-but-equal" doctrine. Williams v. Mississippi (1898) - Upheld voting restrictions in the 1890 Mississippi State Constitution. Cumming v.

  4. Voting rights in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_rights_in_the...

    Congress, when exercising "exclusive legislation" over U.S. Military Bases in the United States, and Washington, D.C., viewed its power as strong enough to remove all voting rights. All state and federal elections were canceled by Congress in D.C. and all of Maryland's voting Rights laws no longer applied to D.C. when Maryland gave up that land.

  5. List of Jim Crow law examples by state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Jim_Crow_law...

    1911–1962: Segregation, miscegenation, voting [Statute] Passed six segregation laws: four against miscegenation and two school segregation statutes, and a voting rights statute that required electors to pass a literacy test. The state's miscegenation laws prohibited blacks as well as Indians and Asians from marrying whites, and were not ...

  6. Civil rights movement (1896–1954) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1896...

    The civil rights movement (1896–1954) was a long, primarily nonviolent action to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to all Americans. The era has had a lasting impact on American society – in its tactics, the increased social and legal acceptance of civil rights, and in its exposure of the prevalence and cost of racism.

  7. Civil right acts in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_right_acts_in_the...

    While enforcing the voting rights of African Americans set out in the Fifteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution, the act had several loopholes. Southern states continued to discriminate against African Americans in application of voter registration and electoral laws, in segregation of school and public facilities, and in employment.

  8. History of civil rights in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_civil_rights_in...

    De jure segregation was outlawed by the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968. [12] In specific areas, however, segregation was barred earlier by the Warren Court in decisions such as the Brown v. Board of Education decision that overturned school segregation in the United States.

  9. Civil Rights Act of 1957 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1957

    Part I, consisting of sections 101-106, establishes a six-member Civil Rights Commission in the executive branch to gather information on citizens' deprivation of voting rights based on color, race, religion, or national origin; in addition the legal background, the laws, and the policies of the federal government relating to voting rights.