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Columnaris (also referred to as cottonmouth and saddle-back disease) is a disease in fish which results from an infection caused by the Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium Flavobacterium columnare. It was previously known as Bacillus columnaris, Chondrococcus columnaris, Cytophaga columnaris and Flexibacter columnaris. The bacteria are ...
Lyme disease: Tick: Borrelia burgdorferi (bacterium) Deer, human: Bull's-eye pattern skin rash around bite, fever, chills, fatigue, body aches, headache, joint pain. Sometimes neurological problems. [1] Europe, North Africa, and North America: Prevention and antibiotics Malaria: Mosquito: Plasmodium (protist) Human: Headache then heavy fever ...
It affects only a small proportion of infected people. [19] Liver function and liver architecture are not affected unlike cirrhosis . [ 19 ] The pathogenesis of this disease is caused by deposition of collagen and extracellular matrix proteins within the periportal space, which leads to liver portal fibrosis and enlarged fibrotic portal tracts ...
Human infectious diseases may be characterized by their case fatality rate (CFR), the proportion of people diagnosed with a disease who die from it (cf. mortality rate).It should not be confused with the infection fatality rate (IFR), the estimated proportion of people infected by a disease-causing agent, including asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections, who die from the disease.
The 1990–2013 Global Burden of Disease Study estimated 5,500 direct deaths from schistosomiasis, [77] while more than 200,000 people were estimated in 2013 to die annually from causes related to schistosomiasis. [78] Another 20 million have severe consequences from the disease. [79] It is the most deadly of the neglected tropical diseases. [80]
Some fish show no external symptoms, but others show signs of infection that include bulging eyes, bloated abdomens, bruised-looking reddish tints to the eyes, skin, gills and fins. Some infected fish have open sores that may look like the lesions from other diseases or from lamprey attacks. [42]
Taking precautions to protect yourself from a quartet of infectious diseases can lessen your odds of starting off 2025 sick. Public health experts are warning of a ‘quad-demic’ this winter.
The trophont is not visible to the naked eye until it has fed on the fish and grown to a diameter of about 0.3-0.5 millimetres. The white spots may reach more than 1 mm in diameter and are easily recognized on skin and fins whereas trophonts attached to the gills are hard to see due to the gill cover ( operculum ).