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From south to north the Himalaya (Himalaya orogen) is divided into 4 parallel tectonostratigraphic zones and 5 thrust faults which extend across the length of Himalaya orogen. Each zone, flanked by the thrust faults on its north and south, has stratigraphy (type of rocks and their layering) different from the adjacent zones.
Understanding the formation of the Himalayan mountains has been a goal of structural geologists for a long time. Many of the problems and disagreements that geologists have with each other concerning the Himalayan orogeny involve the relationship between the observed geometry, or structures, with the various rock units (different types of rock).
The Alpide belt or Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt, [1] or more recently and rarely the Tethyan orogenic belt, is a seismic and orogenic belt that includes an array of mountain ranges extending for more than 15,000 kilometres (9,300 mi) along the southern margin of Eurasia, stretching from Java and Sumatra, through the Indochinese Peninsula, the Himalayas and Transhimalayas, the mountains of ...
the Greater Himalayan Crystalline complex, which is mainly composed by high-grade gneiss and migmatite, fringed below by the Main Central Thrust and the South Tibetan Detachment; and; the Tethyan Himalayan Sequence, mainly composed by Proterozoic to Eocene sediments, deformed in a Paleogene fold-thrust belt, fringed below by the South Tibetan ...
Persia–Tibet–Burma orogeny .55 Asia Himalayan orogeny.29 .16 Asia Saamian orogeny: 3.1 2.9 Europe Lopian orogeny: 2.9 2.6 Europe Svecofennian orogeny: 2.0 1.75 Europe Gothian orogeny: 1.75 1.5 Europe Sveconorwegian orogeny: 1.14 .96 Europe Timanide orogeny.62 .55 Europe Cadomian orogeny.66 .54 Europe Caledonian orogeny.49 .39 Europe ...
The Himalaya orogenic belt the highest elevated mountain range on Earth. In summer, air mass across the South Asia is heated up in general. On the contrary, airmass above the Himalayas and Tibet experiences adiabatic cooling and sinks rapidly, forming an intense high pressure cell. This cell is therefore capable of facilitating landward airflow ...
The Himalayas belong to the Alpine Orogeny and are therefore among the younger mountain ranges on the planet, consisting mostly of uplifted sedimentary and metamorphic rock. Their formation is a result of a continental collision or orogeny along the convergent boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate.
The syntaxis mark the end of the Himalayan orogen on either side and define the location of two large rivers, the Indus and the Yarlung Tsangpo River. The syntaxis on either side of the Himalaya are dominated by a strike slip fault zone, instead of a compressional thrust faulting, as in the rest of the orogen. [10]