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Cognitive warfare (CW) consists of any military activities designed to affect attitudes and behaviours, by influencing, protecting, or disrupting individual, group, or population level cognition. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is an extension of information warfare using propaganda and disinformation .
The historical analysis used to justify the concept of fifth dimension operations being developed was the notion that: Land warfare was defined first by human energy (infantry) and then by animal energy (cavalry) in a three-dimensional medieval era, and then by mechanical energy in the four-dimensional modern era.
In 2021, the 40th Chief of Staff of the United States Army identified three dimensions of military competition: 1) narrative, 2) direct , and 3) indirect (non-zero sum) competition. [74] Narrative competition shapes and frames a baseline within which direct, or indirect competition with adversaries are related.
War can be seen as a growth of economic competition in a competitive international system. In this view wars begin as a pursuit of markets for natural resources and for wealth. War has also been linked to economic development by economic historians and development economists studying state-building and fiscal capacity. [107]
Task conflict encourages greater cognitive understanding of the issue being discussed. This leads to better decision making for the groups that use task conflict. [13] The second is affective acceptance of group decisions. Task conflict can lead to increased satisfaction with the group decision and a desire to stay in the group. [14]
Realistic conflict theory (RCT), also known as realistic group conflict theory (RGCT), [1] [2] is a social psychological model of intergroup conflict. [3] The theory explains how intergroup hostility can arise as a result of conflicting goals and competition over limited resources, and it also offers an explanation for the feelings of prejudice and discrimination toward the outgroup that ...
Conflict resolution is conceptualized as the methods and processes involved in facilitating the peaceful ending of conflict and retribution.Committed group members attempt to resolve group conflicts by actively communicating information about their conflicting motives or ideologies to the rest of group (e.g., intentions; reasons for holding certain beliefs) and by engaging in collective ...
A United States Army soldier greeting Iraqi children while on patrol during the occupation of Iraq in 2009. Winning hearts and minds is a concept occasionally expressed in the resolution of war, insurgency, and other conflicts, in which one side seeks to prevail not by the use of superior force, but by making emotional or intellectual appeals to sway supporters of the other side.