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Flaccid paralysis resulting from cholinergic crisis can be distinguished from myasthenia gravis by the use of the drug edrophonium (Tensilon), as it only worsens the paralysis caused by cholinergic crisis but strengthens the muscle response in the case of myasthenia gravis. (Edrophonium is a cholinesterase inhibitor, hence increases the ...
Atipamezole has also been used as an antidote for various toxicities in dogs. For example, the anti- tick medication amitraz is commonly ingested by dogs who eat their anti-tick collars . [ 19 ] Amitraz works by the same mechanism as dexmedetomidine and is thus easily reversed by atipamezole.
Reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor agents such as physostigmine can be used as an antidote in life-threatening cases. Wider use is discouraged due to the significant side effects related to cholinergic excess including seizures, muscle weakness, bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, lacrimation, salivation, bronchorrhea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
It binds to a Serine-103 allosteric site, while pyridostigmine and neostigmine bind to the AchE active site for their inhibitory effects. In a cholinergic crisis, where a person has too much neuromuscular stimulation, edrophonium will make the muscle weakness worse by inducing a depolarizing block. However, the edrophonium and ice pack tests ...
Frostbite in dogs is a serious condition. It occurs when the skin and underlying tissues are exposed to freezing or extremely cold temperatures for a prolonged period of time.
Physostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, can be used to treat glaucoma and delayed gastric emptying.Because it enhances the transmission of acetylcholine signals in the brain and can cross the blood–brain barrier, physostigmine salicylate is used to treat anticholinergic poisoning (that is, poisoning by substances that interfere with the transmission of acetylcholine signaling, such ...
In organophosphate poisoning, trihexyphenidyl is a more effective antidote than atropine to counteract the cholinergic crisis, seizures, and neuropathology. [12] Equivocal preliminary results from small studies exist for other dyskinesias, Huntington's chorea, Spasmodic torticollis. [medical citation needed]
In the 1850s, atropine was used as antispasmodic in asthma treatment and as morphine antidote for its mydriatic effect. [4] Bezold and Bloebaum showed that atropine blocked the effects of vagal stimulation on the heart in 1867. Subsequently in 1872, Heidenhain found its ability to prevent salivary secretion. [6]
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