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The IPC is the most widely used plumbing code in the United States and is also used as the basis for the plumbing code of several other countries [citation needed].Wide adoptions are important as they help reduce manufacturer and end-user costs by allowing the use of materials across a wide user base, thus allowing economies of scale in the production of materials used in construction.
This code is also used as the basis for the plumbing codes of some other countries. Another model plumbing code published and utilized widely across the United States is the Uniform Plumbing Code , published by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials ( IAPMO ), a multinational operation with offices in 13 nations.
The code has been widely used over the past five decades by jurisdictions throughout the United States and internationally. With the publication of the 2003 Edition of the Uniform Plumbing Code, another significant milestone was reached. For the first time in the history of the United States, a plumbing code was developed through a true ...
A manhole (utility hole, maintenance hole, [1] or sewer hole) is an opening to a confined space such as a shaft, utility vault, or large vessel. Manholes, typically protected by a manhole cover , are often used as an access point for an underground public utility , allowing inspection, maintenance, and system upgrades.
Map of London sewer network, late 19th century. Sewerage (or sewage system) is the infrastructure that conveys sewage or surface runoff (stormwater, meltwater, rainwater) using sewers. It encompasses components such as receiving drains, manholes, pumping stations, storm overflows, and screening chambers of the combined sewer or sanitary sewer.
A sanitary manhole (sewer manhole, [1] sanitary sewer manhole [2] or sewer maintenance hole [3]) is a manhole that is used as an access point for maintenance and inspection of an underground sanitary sewer system. Sanitary manholes are sometimes used as vents to prevent the buildup of pressurized sewage gas. [4]
Utility location is the process of identifying and labeling public utility mains that are underground. These mains may include lines for telecommunication , electricity distribution , natural gas , cable television , fiber optics , traffic lights , street lights , storm drains , water mains , and wastewater pipes.
As codified in 33 U.S.C. chapter 26 of the United States Code from the US House of Representatives; Federal Water Pollution Control Act (PDF/details) as amended in the GPO Statute Compilations collection; Summary of the Clean Water Act from the EPA "Clean Water Act Jurisdictional Handbook." Environmental Law Institute (2nd ed., 2012)