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Urban planning, also known as town planning, city planning, regional planning, or rural planning in specific contexts, is a technical and political process that is focused on the development and design of land use and the built environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas, such as transportation ...
Urban design is an approach to the design of buildings and the spaces between them that focuses on specific design processes and outcomes. In addition to designing and shaping the physical features of towns, cities , and regional spaces, urban design considers 'bigger picture' issues of economic, social and environmental value and social design.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to urban planning: . Urban planning – technical and political process that is focused on the development and design of land use and the built environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas, such as transportation, communications, and distribution networks and their accessibility.
[92] [93] Carrier-Infill urban design is differentiated from complete urban design, such as in the monumental axis of Brasília, in which the urban design and architecture were created together. In carrier-infill urban design or urban planning, the negative space of the city, including landscape, open space, and infrastructure is designed in ...
Daniel Burnham was commissioned by the Chicago Merchants Association to lead a team to plan Chicago's World's Columbian Exposition of 1893. [4] In 1933, the National Planning Board was established. [4] In 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson established the Department of Housing and Urban Development. [4]
Urbanism is the study of how inhabitants of urban areas, such as towns and cities, interact with the built environment. [1] [2] [3] It is a direct component of disciplines such as urban planning, a profession focusing on the design and management of urban areas, and urban sociology, an academic field which studies urban life. [4] [5]
Towns and cities have been planned with aesthetics in mind. Here in Bath, England, 18th-century private sector development was designed to appear attractive. In developed countries, there has been a backlash against excessive human-made clutter in the visual environment, such as signposts, signs, and hoardings. [1]
An abiding axiom of urban planning, urban design and city planning has been the promotion of people friendly places, pedestrian walkways and public domains where people can meet freely. These can be parks, gardens, glass-covered gallerias, arcades, courtyards, street side cafes, river- and hill-side stroll ways, and a variety of semi-covered ...