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However, the gross bit rate and the baud value are equal only when there are only two levels per symbol, representing 0 and 1, meaning that each symbol of a data transmission system carries exactly one bit of data; for example, this is not the case for modern modulation systems used in modems and LAN equipment.
Symbol rate. In a digitally modulated signal or a line code, symbol rate, modulation rate or baud rate is the number of symbol changes, waveform changes, or signaling events across the transmission medium per unit of time. The symbol rate is measured in baud (Bd) or symbols per second. In the case of a line code, the symbol rate is the pulse ...
List of interface bit rates. This is a list of interface bit rates, is a measure of information transfer rates, or digital bandwidth capacity, at which digital interfaces in a computer or network can communicate over various kinds of buses and channels. The distinction can be arbitrary between a computer bus, often closer in space, and larger ...
It is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second or pulses per second. It is the number of distinct symbol changes (signalling events) made to the transmission medium per second in a digitally modulated signal or a bd rate line code. Baud is related to gross bit rate, which can be expressed in bits per second (bit/s). [1]
If R is the gross bit rate or data signalling rate ... implying that it is synonymous with net bit rate or useful bit rate exclusive of error-correction codes. ...
The maximum user signaling rate, synonymous to gross bit rate or data signaling rate, is the maximum rate, in bits per second, at which binary information can be transferred in a given direction between users over the communications system facilities dedicated to a particular information transfer transaction, under conditions of continuous transmission and no overhead information.
Data signaling rate or gross bit rate, a bit rate that includes protocol overhead. Symbol rate or baud rate, the number of symbol changes, waveform changes, or signaling events across the transmission medium per unit of time. Data-rate units, measures of the bit rate or baud rate of a link. Data transfer rate (disk drive), a data rate specific ...
It is typically measured at a reference point below the network layer and above the physical layer. The simplest definition is the number of bits per second that are physically delivered. A typical example where this definition is practiced is an Ethernet network. In this case, the maximum throughput is the gross bit rate or raw bit rate.