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Southern lawmakers began to exploit the so-called "loophole" written in the 13th amendment and turned to prison labor as a means of restoring the pre-abolition free labor force. Black Codes were enacted by politicians in the South to maintain white control over former slaves, namely by restricting African Americans’ labor activity. [21]
In the first half of the 19th century, prison reform in northern free states — Pennsylvania and New York in particular — promoted the idea that rehabilitation and penitence should be the goals ...
Watts, a Democrat, said he was in part inspired by Ava DuVernay's 2016 documentary “13th,” which explored how the U.S. Constitution abolished slavery in 1865 through the 13th Amendment — but ...
And it’s all legal: A loophole in the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution passed after the Civil War makes forced labor legal, abolishing slavery except “as punishment for a crime.”
One inmate in a South Carolina prison believes the 13th Amendment is the reason for the prisoners’ alleged dehumanization. [11] Approximately 200 prisoners in a South Carolina prison joined the strike to protest the prison’s invocation of the 13th Amendment and the resulting labor and wage conditions. [11]
In the United States, the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits slavery and involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for a crime of which one has been convicted. [1] [2] In the latter 2010s, a movement has emerged to repeal the exception clause from both the federal and state constitutions.
Prison reform advocates believe that the use of forced labor as punishment for inmates is rooted in antebellum slavery. ... to close the 13th Amendment's 'slavery clause' loophole that continues ...
The party purchasing their labor from the government generally does so at a steep discount from the cost of free labor. [2] This is the 13th Amendment that Abraham Lincoln signed. Louisiana State Penitentiary is the largest prison farm covering 18,000 acres (7,300 hectares); it is bordered on three sides by the Mississippi River. [3]