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  2. Penal labor in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penal_labor_in_the_United...

    Southern lawmakers began to exploit the so-called "loophole" written in the 13th amendment and turned to prison labor as a means of restoring the pre-abolition free labor force. Black Codes were enacted by politicians in the South to maintain white control over former slaves, namely by restricting African Americans’ labor activity. [21]

  3. Opinion - California’s ‘slavery loophole’ is about more than ...

    www.aol.com/opinion-california-slavery-loophole...

    She referred to the defeat of California’s Proposition 6, which aimed to remove the so-called “slavery loophole” — the clause that allows forced labor as punishment for a crime — from ...

  4. The 5 states with ballot initiatives to abolish slavery in 2022

    www.aol.com/5-states-ballot-initiatives-abolish...

    OPINION: The initiatives are meant to address the 13th Amendment loophole that allows forced prison labor more than150 years after the end of slavery.

  5. Proposition 6 to end forced labor in prisons failed in ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/proposition-6-end-forced-labor...

    In Stanislaus County, about 65% of voters rejected a ballot measure in the Nov. 5 election that sought to end forced labor in prisons and jails in California.

  6. California lawmakers add measure to end forced prison labor ...

    www.aol.com/news/california-lawmakers-add...

    The California Constitution mirrors the 13th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution and prohibits slavery and involuntary servitude. However, both allow involuntary servitude as punishment for a crime.

  7. Editorial: California voters rejected an anti-slavery measure ...

    www.aol.com/news/editorial-california-voters...

    The Legislature should pass a bill to remove mandatory work from the Penal Code that doesn't rely on a constitutional amendment. While the Constitution allows forced labor in prison, it is the ...

  8. Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to...

    The Thirteenth Amendment (Amendment XIII) to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.The amendment was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, by the House of Representatives on January 31, 1865, and ratified by the required 27 of the then 36 states on December 6, 1865, and proclaimed on December 18.

  9. Penal exception clause - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penal_exception_clause

    In the United States, the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits slavery and involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for a crime of which one has been convicted. [1] [2] In the latter 2010s, a movement has emerged to repeal the exception clause from both the federal and state constitutions.