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  2. Historical method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_method

    Historical method is the collection of techniques and guidelines that historians use to research and write histories of the past. Secondary sources, primary sources and material evidence such as that derived from archaeology may all be drawn on, and the historian's skill lies in identifying these sources, evaluating their relative authority, and combining their testimony appropriately in order ...

  3. Textual criticism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textual_criticism

    Textual criticism[ a ] is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and literary criticism that is concerned with the identification of textual variants, or different versions, of either manuscripts (mss) or of printed books. Such texts may range in dates from the earliest writing in cuneiform, impressed on clay, for example, to multiple ...

  4. Scientific evidence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_evidence

    Scientific evidence. Scientific evidence is evidence that serves to either support or counter a scientific theory or hypothesis, [1] although scientists also use evidence in other ways, such as when applying theories to practical problems. [2] Such evidence is expected to be empirical evidence and interpretable in accordance with the scientific ...

  5. Evidence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence

    Evidence for a proposition is what supports the proposition. It is usually understood as an indication that the supported proposition is true. What role evidence plays and how it is conceived varies from field to field. In epistemology, evidence is what justifies beliefs or what makes it rational to hold a certain doxastic attitude.

  6. Exegesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exegesis

    Textual criticism investigates the history and origins of the text, but exegesis may include the study of the historical and cultural backgrounds of the author, text, and original audience. Other analyses include classification of the type of literary genres presented in the text and analysis of grammatical and syntactical features in the text ...

  7. Scientific method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_method

    The better an explanation is at making predictions, the more useful it frequently can be, and the more likely it will continue to explain a body of evidence better than its alternatives. The most successful explanations – those that explain and make accurate predictions in a wide range of circumstances – are often called scientific theories ...

  8. Evidence (policy debate) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence_(policy_debate)

    In a policy debate competition, evidence (sometimes referred to as "cards") consists mainly of two parts. The citation contains all relevant reference information (that is, the author, date of publication, journal, title, etc.). Although every card should contain a complete citation, only the author's name and date of publication are typically ...

  9. Essay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essay

    Essay. An essay is, generally, a piece of writing that gives the author's own argument, but the definition is vague, overlapping with those of a letter, a paper, an article, a pamphlet, and a short story. Essays have been sub-classified as formal and informal: formal essays are characterized by "serious purpose, dignity, logical organization ...