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Process costing is an accounting methodology that traces and accumulates direct costs, and allocates indirect costs of a manufacturing process. Costs are assigned to products, usually in a large batch, which might include an entire month's production. Eventually, costs have to be allocated to individual units of product.
Manufacturing process management (MPM) is a collection of technologies and methods used to define how products are to be manufactured. MPM differs from ERP/MRP which is used to plan the ordering of materials and other resources, set manufacturing schedules, and compile cost data.
Production systems may vary on the expressive power of conditions in production rules. Accordingly, the pattern matching algorithm that collects production rules with matched conditions may range from the naive—trying all rules in sequence, stopping at the first match—to the optimized, in which rules are "compiled" into a network of inter-related conditions.
Manufacturing execution systems (MES) are computerized systems used in manufacturing to track and document the transformation of raw materials to finished goods. MES provides information that helps manufacturing decision-makers understand how current conditions on the plant floor can be optimized to improve production output. [ 1 ]
Relay logic was introduced with factory electrification, which underwent rapid adaption from 1900 through the 1920s.Central electric power stations were also undergoing rapid growth and the operation of new high-pressure boilers, steam turbines and electrical substations created a large demand for instruments and controls.
An important part of standard cost accounting is a variance analysis, which breaks down the variation between actual cost and standard costs into various components (volume variation, material cost variation, labor cost variation, etc.) so managers can understand why costs were different from what was planned and take appropriate action to ...
The CLM Summit hosted by the company Configit for Automotive and Industrial Machinery in 2015 identified a general need to change the current disconnected way of defining product configuration logic and issued the so-called 2015 CLM Declaration [9] which is a non-scientific paper reflecting a common agreement of the summit participants on CLM.
A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is an industrial computer that has been ruggedized and adapted for the control of manufacturing processes, such as assembly lines, machines, robotic devices, or any activity that requires high reliability, ease of programming, and process fault diagnosis.