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Coxsackieviruses are divided into group A and group B viruses based on early observations of their pathogenicity in neonatal mice. [1] Group A coxsackieviruses were noted to cause a flaccid paralysis (which was caused by generalized myositis) while group B coxsackieviruses were noted to cause a spastic paralysis (due to focal muscle injury and degeneration of neuronal tissue).
Coxsackie A virus is a subgroup of enterovirus A, which are small, non-enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. Its protective, icosahedral capsid has an external portion that contains sixty copies of viral proteins (VP1,-2,-3) and an internal portion surrounding the RNA genome containing sixty copies of VP4 viral proteins.
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is a distinctive rash caused by the Coxsackie virus, as TODAY.com explained previously. As the name implies, "people will get blisters on their hands and feet, and also ...
Coxsackie B is a group of six serotypes of coxsackievirus (CVB1-CVB6), a pathogenic enterovirus, that trigger illness ranging from gastrointestinal distress to full-fledged pericarditis and myocarditis (coxsackievirus-induced cardiomyopathy). [1] [2] The genome of Coxsackie B virus consists of approximately 7,400 base pairs. [3]
The virus is one in a family that causes hand, foot and mouth disease, a contagious illness particularly common among toddler-aged kids with no treatment besides patience, time and symptom management.
Neonatal inclusion conjunctivitis caused by C. trachomatis should be treated with oral erythromycin. [14] Topical therapy is not effective and also does not treat the infection of the nasopharynx. [15] [16] [17] Herpes simplex conjunctivitis should be treated with intravenous acyclovir for a minimum of 14 days to prevent systemic infection. [18]
Patients with Coxsackie B4 virus have seemed to have herpangina, tonsillitis, and pharyngitis. [6] CB4 virus has caused transplacental infections in mice. Infection in the first couple weeks of gestation has been shown to be harmful for dams as well as the fetus, causing reduced litter sizes, abortion, or stillbirth.
CAR is a receptor for both Coxsackie B virus and adenovirus 2 and 5, which are structurally distinct. [22] In patients with myocarditis or dilated cardiomyopathy, elevated Coxsackie B2 viral nucleic acids have been detected in myocardial biopsy samples. [23]