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Biracial and multiracial identity development is described as a process across the life span that is based on internal and external forces such as individual family structure, cultural knowledge, physical appearance, geographic location, peer culture, opportunities for exploration, socio-historical context, etc. [1]
The cross-race effect is thought to contribute to difficulties in cross-race identification, as well as implicit racial bias. [2] A number of theories as to why the cross-race effect exists have been conceived, including social cognition and perceptual expertise. However, no model has been able to fully account for the full body of evidence. [3]
In Beverly Tatum's widely cited article Talking about Race, Learning about Racism: The Application of Racial Identity Development Theory in the Classroom, published in the Harvard Educational Review, she describes her experiences teaching classes on race related issues, and she applies Racial Identity Development Theory as a framework that is ...
Social identity theory posits that belonging to social groups (e.g. religious groups or occupational groups) serves an important basis for one's identity. [8] Membership in a group(s), as well as one's value and emotional significance attached to this membership, is an important part of one's self-concept.
The White racial identity attitude scale was developed by African American Psychologists, Janet Helms and Robert Carter in 1990. It was designed and consists of 50 items to help understand the attitudes reflecting the five-status model of the White racial identity development (contact, disintegration, reintegration/pseudo independence, immersion/emersion, and autonomy). [5]
His theory assumed that African Americans are "believed to be socialized into the predominant culture, which resulted in diminished racial identification", [1] and thus the Nigrescence model posits that an encounter with an instance of racism or racial discrimination may precipitate the exploration and formation of racial identity, and foster a ...
And they ignore the basic question of how teaching, learning and education work. Teaching is a risky adventure. Teachers have the immense responsibility of nurturing diverse young minds.
Racial formation theory is an analytical tool in sociology, developed by Michael Omi and Howard Winant, which is used to look at race as a socially constructed identity, where the content and importance of racial categories are determined by social, economic, and political forces. [1]