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Cryoglobulinemia is a medical condition in which the blood contains large amounts of cryoglobulins (atypical proteins in the blood) that become insoluble at low temperatures. [1] Cryoglobulinemia is also one of three types in its own family. Type two is when there are two atypical proteins in the bloodstream.
Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis is a form of inflammation affecting the blood vessels caused by the deposition of abnormal proteins called cryoglobulins.These immunoglobulin proteins are soluble at normal body temperatures, but become insoluble below 37 °C (98.6 °F) and subsequently may aggregate within smaller blood vessels.
Cold sensitive antibodies (CSA) are antibodies sensitive to cold temperature. Some cold sensitive antibodies are pathological and can lead to blood disorder.These pathological cold sensitive antibodies include cold agglutinins, Donath–Landsteiner antibodies, and cryoglobulins which are the culprits of cold agglutinin disease, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria in the process of Donath ...
Cryofibrinogenemia is also often associated with the inflammatory vasculitis that accompanies mixed Cryoglobulinemia#Classification, i.e. cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, particularly but not exclusively in instances where hepatitis C virus is an underlining disease. [6]
Symptoms including blurring or loss of vision, headache, and (rarely) stroke or coma are due to the effects of the IgM paraprotein, which may cause autoimmune phenomena or cryoglobulinemia. Other symptoms of Waldenström macroglobulinemia are due to hyperviscosity syndrome, which is present in 6–20% of patients.
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Autoamputation is a feature of ainhum, cryoglobulinemia [2] and thromboangiitis obliterans. In 1881, Thornton made the case of autoamputation. [3] Autoamputation could be the result of severe cases of certain chronic wounds, such as frostbite.
Some intravascular protein deposition diseases causing retiform purpura are cryoglobulinemia (type I), cryofibrinogenemia, and paraproteinemia. Some embolic disorders that may lead to retiform purpura include cholesterol emboli , septic emboli , atrial myxoma , or other manifestations like nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (marantic ...