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A cone of depression is a circular area surrounding a well where groundwater levels are reduced from pumping. [1] [2] In an unconfined aquifer (water table), this is an actual depression of the water levels. In confined aquifers , the cone of depression is a reduction in the pressure head surrounding the pumped well.
For a given outlet pressure , flow rates change depending on the inlet pressure as an arc of hyperbola in a plane parallel to ˙. Usually, Stodola's cone does not represent absolute flow rates and pressures, but rather maximum flow rates and pressures, with the maximum values of the diagram having in this case the value of 1.
In hydrology, there are two similar but distinct definitions in use for the word drawdown: . In subsurface hydrogeology, drawdown is the reduction in hydraulic head observed at a well in an aquifer, typically due to pumping a well as part of an aquifer test or well test.
The cone penetration or cone penetrometer test (CPT) is a method used to determine the geotechnical engineering properties of soils and delineating soil stratigraphy. It was initially developed in the 1950s at the Dutch Laboratory for Soil Mechanics in Delft to investigate soft soils. Based on this history it has also been called the "Dutch ...
Fluid flows through a length of pipe of varying diameter. To avoid undue aerodynamic drag, a Venturi tube typically has an entry cone of 30 degrees and an exit cone of 5 degrees. [1] Venturi tubes are often used in processes where permanent pressure loss is not tolerable and where maximum accuracy is needed in case of highly viscous liquids.
General parameters used for constructing nose cone profiles. Given the problem of the aerodynamic design of the nose cone section of any vehicle or body meant to travel through a compressible fluid medium (such as a rocket or aircraft, missile, shell or bullet), an important problem is the determination of the nose cone geometrical shape for optimum performance.
Diagram showing a section through the centre of a cone (1) subtending a solid angle of 1 steradian in a sphere of radius r, along with the spherical "cap" (2). The external surface area A of the cap equals r2 only if solid angle of the cone is exactly 1 steradian. Hence, in this figure θ = A/2 and r = 1.
A drag-reducing aerospike is a device (see nose cone design) used to reduce the forebody pressure aerodynamic drag of blunt bodies at supersonic speeds. The aerospike creates a detached shock ahead of the body. Between the shock and the forebody a zone of recirculating flow occurs which acts like a more streamlined forebody profile, reducing ...