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In cryptography, a Caesar cipher, also known as Caesar's cipher, the shift cipher, Caesar's code, or Caesar shift, is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques. It is a type of substitution cipher in which each letter in the plaintext is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the alphabet .
This is a list of telecommunications encryption terms. This list is derived in part from the Glossary of Telecommunication Terms published as Federal Standard 1037C . A5/1 – a stream cipher used to provide over-the-air communication privacy in the GSM cellular telephone standard.
Head (data, a): returns the first a bits of the 'data' string. Tail (data, a): returns the last a bits of the 'data' string. Encrypt (K, data): use the underlying block cipher in encrypt mode on the 'data' string using the key K. Decrypt (K, data): use the underlying block cipher in decrypt mode on the 'data' string using the key K.
Since encryption of each digit is dependent on the current state of the cipher, it is also known as state cipher. In practice, a digit is typically a bit and the combining operation is an exclusive-or (XOR). The pseudorandom keystream is typically generated serially from a random seed value using digital shift registers.
Stream ciphers encrypt plaintext digits one at a time on a continuous stream of data, with the transformation of successive digits varying during the encryption process. In an asymmetric key algorithm (e.g., RSA), there are two different keys: a public key and a private key. The public key is published, thereby allowing any sender to perform ...
asymmetric key algorithms (Public-key cryptography), where two different keys are used for encryption and decryption. In a symmetric key algorithm (e.g., DES and AES), the sender and receiver must have a shared key set up in advance and kept secret from all other parties; the sender uses this key for encryption, and the receiver uses the same ...
Lucifer uses a combination of transposition and substitution crypting as a starting point in decoding ciphers. [clarification needed] One variant, described by Feistel in 1971, [2] uses a 48-bit key and operates on 48-bit blocks. The cipher is a substitution–permutation network and uses two 4-bit S-boxes. The key selects which S-boxes are used.
In cryptography, Camellia is a symmetric key block cipher with a block size of 128 bits and key sizes of 128, 192 and 256 bits. It was jointly developed by Mitsubishi Electric and NTT of Japan . The cipher has been approved for use by the ISO/IEC , the European Union 's NESSIE project and the Japanese CRYPTREC project.