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The first expansion of Bern occurred as the city was founded. Most likely the first city started at Nydegg Castle and reached to the Zytglogge ( Swiss German : clock tower). The city was divided by three longitudinal streets, which stretched from the Castle to the city wall.
The city was accepted as an associate state on 13 June 1454. Fribourg, another Habsburg city, came under the rule of the Duke of Savoy during the 1440s and had to accept the duke as its lord in 1452. Nevertheless, it also entered an alliance with Bern in 1454, becoming an associate state, too.
Zürich, Bern, Basel, Schaffhausen and associates Biel, Mulhouse, Neuchâtel, Geneva and the city of St. Gallen became Protestant; other members of the confederation and the Valais remained Catholic. In Glarus, Appenzell, in the Grisons and in most condominiums both religions coexisted; Appenzell split in 1597 into a Catholic Appenzell ...
Bern in 1638 with its three medieval guard towers, from left to right: Christoffelturm, Käfigturm, Zytglogge. (See full map) When it was built around 1218–1220, [3] the Zytglogge served as the gate tower of Bern's western fortifications. These were erected after the city's first westward expansion following its de facto independence from the ...
Bern invaded and conquered Aargau in 1415 and Vaud in 1536, as well as other smaller territories, thereby becoming the largest city-state north of the Alps, by the 18th century comprising most of what is today the canton of Bern and the canton of Vaud. The expansionist policy of the city of Bern led them into the Bernese Oberland. Through ...
The canton of Bern, or Berne (German: Kanton Bern; French: canton de Berne; Romansh: Chantun Berna; Italian: Canton Berna), is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. Its capital city, Bern, is also the de facto capital of Switzerland. The bear is the heraldic symbol of the canton, displayed on a red-yellow background.
1191 - Bern set up as military outpost by Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen. [2] 1218 - Bern becomes a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire. [3] 1219 - Zytglogge (tower) built. [1] 1223 - Theto von Ravensburg becomes Schultheiss von Bern . 1256 - Käfigturm (tower) built. 1259 - First mention of Jews in Bern. [4]
The rapid expansion of industry following the Second World War also led to an increase in environmental pollution. Until the 1970s, waste was disposed of almost exclusively in landfill sites. The first waste incineration plant was established in Turgi in 1970, followed by two further plants in Buchs in 1973 and Oftringen in 1974. [128]
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