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Coumaphos is a nonvolatile, fat-soluble phosphorothioate with ectoparasiticide properties: it kills insects and mites.It is well known by a variety of brand names as a dip or wash, used on farm and domestic animals to control ticks, mites, flies and fleas.
Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide that belongs to the phenylpyrazole insecticide class. [3] Fipronil disrupts the insect central nervous system by blocking the ligand-gated ion channel of the GABA A receptor (IRAC group 2B) and glutamate-gated chloride (GluCl) channels.
Synthetic repellents tend to be more effective and/or longer lasting than "natural" repellents. [1] [2]For protection against ticks and mosquito bites, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommends DEET, icaridin (picaridin, KBR 3023), oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE), para-menthane-diol (PMD), IR3535 and 2-undecanone with the caveat that higher percentages of the active ingredient ...
"Ixodicides" are substances that kill ticks. [1] "Miticides" are substances that kill mites. The term scabicide is more narrow, and refers to agents specifically targeting Sarcoptes. The term "arachnicide" is more general, and refers to agents that target arachnids. This term is used much more rarely, but occasionally appears in informal writing.
Phenothrin, also called sumithrin and d-phenothrin, [2] is a synthetic pyrethroid that kills adult fleas and ticks.It has also been used to kill head lice in humans. d-Phenothrin is used as a component of aerosol insecticides for domestic use.
Bifenthrin is used by the textile industry to protect woollen products from insect attack. It was introduced as an alternative to permethrin-based agents, due to greater efficacy against keratinophagous insects, better wash-fastness, and lower aquatic toxicity.
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A review article (Carreck & Ratnieks, 2015) concluded that while laboratory based studies have demonstrated adverse sub-lethal effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on honey bees and bumble bees, these same effects have not been observed in field studies, which is likely due to an overestimation of three key dosage factors (concentration ...